Tax in France: VAT, income tax, company tax, capital gains
20%
A 20% VAT with reduced rates (10%, 5.5%, 2.1%) for food, transport, culture and medicines. The rate is verified against Direction Générale des Finances Publiques on 19 August 2026; the top personal income-tax rate is 45% (2025 tax year, service-public.gouv.fr (DILA) — barème LF 2026, Loi n° 2026-103 art. 4), and the headline company tax rate is 25% (OECD Corporate Tax Statistics).
TVA in France
EU value-added system with several reduced rates; net TVA = collected − deductible.
- Standard rate
- 20%
- Local name
- TVA — Value Added Tax
- Type
- VAT
- Reduced rates
- 10%, 5.5%, 2.1%
- Registration threshold
- EUR ~85,800 goods / 37,500 services
- Filing
- Monthly or quarterly
- Authority
- Direction Générale des Finances Publiques
- Current rate since
- 1 January 2000
Introduced 1954
France invented the modern VAT: tax official Maurice Laure, who had trained as an engineer (Ecole Polytechnique, 1936) before helping create and joining the Direction generale des impots, designed the "taxe sur la valeur ajoutee" (TVA) to end the unpopular cascade taxes. The law enacting it was proclaimed on 10 April 1954 under President Rene Coty. Its trick was making businesses at every stage self-assess and remit tax only on the value they added.
What it replaced: The cascading turnover taxes ("taxes en cascade" / "taxe a la production") that taxed the full value of a good at every stage of production
Income tax in France
The top personal income-tax band is 45% for the 2025 tax year.
Company tax in France
The headline corporate income tax rate is 25%. In effect since 1 January 2026.
Indicative only: confirm with France's national tax authority. OECD 2026: central statutory CIT 36.13%, combined (central+sub-central) 36.13%; central rate excluding surtax 25%; small-business combined 15% Reduced rate 15%, not modelled as a small-company rate: OECD 'targeted at small business' central rate; qualifying conditions not stated in OECD data.
Capital gains tax in France
- Shares
- Prélèvement forfaitaire unique (PFU) 31.4% = 12.8% income tax + 18.6% social levies (CSG raised from 9.2% to 10.6% by LFSS 2026, Loi n° 2025-1403 du 30 décembre 2025). Option (global, annual) for the progressive income tax scale instead of 12.8%; social levies of 18.6% apply either way.
- Property
- 19% flat income tax + 17.2% social levies (real-estate gains are excluded from the LFSS 2026 CSG increase and stay at 17.2%) on the gain after holding-period abatements; additional surtax of 2-6% where the taxable gain exceeds EUR 50,000.
- Holding period
- No holding-period distinction under PFU. Holding-period abatement only for shares acquired before 1 January 2018 and only where the taxpayer opts for the progressive scale (income tax only; social levies on the unreduced gain).
Did you know? France tax facts
VAT itself was invented in France in 1954 by a single tax official, Maurice Laure, who trained as an engineer at the Ecole Polytechnique before becoming a tax inspector.
Laure designed the taxe sur la valeur ajoutee to replace the inefficient cascade taxes; the model has since spread to more than 150 countries, with the United States the only major (OECD) holdout.
Source: Connexion France ↗France once charged a luxury VAT of roughly 33% (the 'taux majore') on cars, perfume, jewellery, furs, cameras and caviar.
This higher rate ran at 33% from 1970 to 1982, was later cut to 28% (1988) then 22% (1990), and was abolished entirely in 1992; today luxury goods just pay the standard 20% rate.
Source: Wikipedia (FR) - Taxe sur la valeur ajoutee en France ↗In 2024 France's highest court ruled that fresh supermarket sushi is taxed at 10%, not the 5.5% food rate, because it counts as food 'for immediate consumption.'
In the 'Sushi Saint-Cloud' decision (Conseil d'Etat, 18 June 2024, no. 476093) the court held that sushi is by its very nature meant to be eaten now, so packaging or place of purchase make no difference to the rate; the tax administration adopted this from 1 October 2024.
Source: BOFiP (French tax administration) - jurisprudence sushis frais ↗France has a 'super-reduced' VAT rate of just 2.1% - one of the lowest legal rates in the EU.
It applies to medicines reimbursable by social security, the daily and periodical press (explicitly excluding pornographic publications), the TV licence fee, and the first 140 performances of a newly created theatrical or musical work.
Source: Wikipedia (FR) - Taxe sur la valeur ajoutee en France ↗The same tub of caviar or margarine can be taxed at 10% or 20% depending only on whether you might eat it on the spot.
Caviar, margarine and vegetable fats are taxed at the full 20% rate when sold in packaging that lets you keep them, but drop to the 10% intermediate rate when sold for immediate consumption (e.g. in catering).
Source: Service-Public Entreprendre - VAT rates on food and beverages ↗France created its income tax by the finance law of 15 July 1914 and first levied it in 1916, mid-way through the First World War; even today close to half of French tax households pay none at all.
French Wikipedia: the tax was 'créé par la loi de finances du 15 juillet 1914 et mis en place en 1916'; 'près de la moitié des foyers français n'est pas imposable' — 43.7% of tax households were taxable in 2017.
Source: Wikipédia (FR) — Impôt sur le revenu (France) · checked 10 October 2026 ↗France only moved to pay-as-you-earn on 1 January 2019; until then income tax was paid the year after it was earned — and employers are told only the rate to withhold, never the household's income.
French Wikipedia: 'depuis le 1er janvier 2019, l'impôt est prélevé à la source pour la plupart des contribuables'; the English article adds that the administration gives employers only the individual tax rate to apply, protecting employees' privacy, and lists the per-'part' rates 0%, 11%, 30%, 41% and 45%.
Source: Wikipédia (FR) — Impôt sur le revenu (France) · checked 10 October 2026 ↗French income tax is computed per 'part', not per person: the quotient familial, created in 1945, counts one part for a single adult, two for a couple, half a part for each of the first two children and one each after.
Wikipedia: 'The family quotient is one unit for a single person, two for a married couple', plus half a unit for each of the first two children and one unit for each later child; household income is divided by the parts before the progressive scale is applied.
Source: Wikipedia — Taxation in France · checked 10 October 2026 ↗France's wealth tax, the ISF, was abolished in September 2017 and replaced from 2018 by the IFI, which taxes only real-estate wealth — above a €1.3 million threshold that has stood since 2011.
Wikipedia: the earlier IGF was 'abolished in 1986 by Jacques Chirac's right-wing government' and the tax 'reestablished in 1988 as ISF'; the threshold has been €1.3 million 'since 2011'; the government abolished the ISF in September 2017 and replaced it with the real estate wealth tax (IFI) from 2018.
Source: Wikipedia — Solidarity tax on wealth · checked 10 October 2026 ↗
More stories, for every country that has one, on the tax facts page.
Ask your AI assistant about tax in France
The figures on this page are callable by any MCP-compatible assistant through the free Tax MCP. Add https://taxmcp.ai2fin.com as a custom connector in Claude, ChatGPT, Cursor or your own agent — no login, no API key — then ask:
- “What is the TVA rate in France, and what is the source?”
- “Estimate income tax in France on EUR 60,000 for 2025.”
- “What is the company tax rate in France and how is it sourced?”
Connect in three steps, and what a connected answer looks like: Tax MCP.
France, answered
Questions about tax in France
- What is the TVA rate in France?
- The standard TVA (Value Added Tax) rate in France is 20%, verified against Direction Générale des Finances Publiques on 19 August 2026. Reduced rates of 10%, 5.5% and 2.1% apply to some categories. EU value-added system with several reduced rates; net TVA = collected − deductible.
- What is the top income tax rate in France?
- The top personal income-tax band in France is 45% for the 2025 tax year, as published by service-public.gouv.fr (DILA) — barème LF 2026, Loi n° 2026-103 art. 4 (checked 6 October 2026, verification pending). The free income-tax calculator on this site works through the bands below it, and shows the rate table it used.
- What is the company tax rate in France?
- The headline corporate income tax rate in France is 25%, as published by OECD Corporate Tax Statistics (checked 6 October 2026, verification pending). Indicative only: confirm with France's national tax authority. OECD 2026: central statutory CIT 36.13%, combined (central+sub-central) 36.13%; central rate excluding surtax 25%; small-business combined 15% Reduced rate 15%, not modelled as a small-company rate: OECD 'targeted at small business' central rate; qualifying conditions not stated in OECD data.
- How is capital gains tax charged in France?
- In France, gains are taxed at their own rate, separate from income, verified against Service-Public.gouv.fr (Direction de l'information légale et administrative) on 6 October 2026. On shares: Prélèvement forfaitaire unique (PFU) 31.4% = 12.8% income tax + 18.6% social levies (CSG raised from 9.2% to 10.6% by LFSS 2026, Loi n° 2025-1403 du 30 décembre 2025). Option (global, annual) for the progressive income tax scale instead of 12.8%; social levies of 18.6% apply either way. Holding period: No holding-period distinction under PFU. Holding-period abatement only for shares acquired before 1 January 2018 and only where the taxpayer opts for the progressive scale (income tax only; social levies on the unreduced gain).
- Can an AI assistant look up tax rates for France?
- Yes. The free Tax MCP at https://taxmcp.ai2fin.com gives Claude, ChatGPT, Cursor or any MCP-compatible agent the same sourced figures as this page: the TVA rate, an income-tax estimate, the company tax rate, the capital gains rule and a side-by-side comparison with other countries, each answer citing the authority and the date it was checked. Add the endpoint as a custom connector; there is no login or API key.
Sources
- Direction Générale des Finances Publiques
- service-public.gouv.fr (DILA) — barème LF 2026, Loi n° 2026-103 art. 4
- OECD Corporate Tax Statistics
- Service-Public.gouv.fr (Direction de l'information légale et administrative)
- Connexion France
- Wikipedia (FR) - Taxe sur la valeur ajoutee en France
- BOFiP (French tax administration) - jurisprudence sushis frais
- Service-Public Entreprendre - VAT rates on food and beverages
- Wikipédia (FR) — Impôt sur le revenu (France)
- Wikipedia — Taxation in France
- Wikipedia — Solidarity tax on wealth
Last checked 10 October 2026. General information computed from published government rates, not tax advice. Check the linked authority or a registered adviser before relying on a figure.
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